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运行时文件加载和保存

参见

更多关于游戏进度的保存和读取的信息见 保存游戏。

Sometimes, exporting packs, patches, and mods is not ideal when you want players to be able to load user-generated content in your project. It requires users to generate a PCK or ZIP file through the Godot editor, which contains resources imported by Godot.

Example use cases for runtime file loading and saving include:

  • 加载为游戏设计的纹理包。

  • 加载用户提供的音轨，在游戏内的电台中播放。

  • 加载自定义关卡和 3D 模型，可以使用能够导出 glTF 的任意 3D DCC 设计（包括 Godot 在运行时保存的 glTF 场景）。

  • 为菜单和 HUD 使用用户提供的字体。

  • Saving/loading a file format that can contain multiple files but can still easily be read by other applications (ZIP).

  • Loading files created by another game or program, or even game data files from another game not made with Godot.

运行时文件加载可以和 HTTP 请求结合起来，直接加载互联网上的资源。

警告

请勿用这种运行时加载的方法来加载属于项目本身的资源，这种做法的效率较低，无法利用 Godot 的资源处理功能（例如翻译重定向）。详见 导入流程。

参见

You can see how saving and loading works in action using the Run-time File Saving and Loading (Serialization) demo project.

纯文本文件和二进制文件

Godot 的 FileAccess 类提供了读写文件系统中文件的方法：

func save_file(content):
    var file = FileAccess.open("/path/to/file.txt", FileAccess.WRITE)
    file.store_string(content)

func load_file():
    var file = FileAccess.open("/path/to/file.txt", FileAccess.READ)
    var content = file.get_as_text()
    return content

To handle custom binary formats (such as loading file formats not supported by Godot), FileAccess provides several methods to read/write integers, floats, strings and more. These FileAccess methods have names that start with get_ and store_.

If you need more control over reading binary files or need to read binary streams that are not part of a file, PackedByteArray provides several helper methods to decode/encode series of bytes to integers, floats, strings and more. These PackedByteArray methods have names that start with decode_ and encode_. See also 二进制序列化 API.

图像

Image's Image.load_from_file static method handles everything, from format detection based on file extension to reading the file from disk.

If you need error handling or more control (such as changing the scale a SVG is loaded at), use one of the following methods depending on the file format:

Several image formats can also be saved by Godot at runtime using the following methods:

The methods with the to_buffer suffix save the image to a PackedByteArray instead of the filesystem. This is useful to send the image over the network or into a ZIP archive without having to write it on the filesystem. This can increase performance by reducing I/O utilization.

备注

If displaying the loaded image on a 3D surface, make sure to call Image.generate_mipmaps so that the texture doesn't look grainy when viewed at a distance. This is also useful in 2D when following instructions on reducing aliasing when downsampling.

Example of loading an image and displaying it in a TextureRect node (which requires conversion to ImageTexture):

# Load an image of any format supported by Godot from the filesystem.
var image = Image.load_from_file(path)
# Optionally, generate mipmaps if displaying the texture on a 3D surface
# so that the texture doesn't look grainy when viewed at a distance.
#image.generate_mipmaps()
$TextureRect.texture = ImageTexture.create_from_image(image)

# Save the loaded Image to a PNG image.
image.save_png("/path/to/file.png")

# Save the converted ImageTexture to a PNG image.
$TextureRect.texture.get_image().save_png("/path/to/file.png")

音视频文件

Godot supports loading Ogg Vorbis audio at runtime. Note that not all files with an .ogg extension may be Ogg Vorbis files. Some may be Ogg Theora videos, or contain Opus audio within an Ogg container. These files will not load correctly as audio files in Godot.

通过 AudioStreamPlayer 节点加载 Ogg Vorbis 音频文件的示例：

$AudioStreamPlayer.stream = AudioStreamOggVorbis.load_from_file(path)

通过 VideoStreamPlayer 节点加载 Ogg Theora 视频文件的示例：

var video_stream_theora = VideoStreamTheora.new()
# File extension is ignored, so it is possible to load Ogg Theora videos
# that have an `.ogg` extension this way.
video_stream_theora.file = "/path/to/file.ogv"
$VideoStreamPlayer.stream = video_stream_theora

# VideoStreamPlayer's Autoplay property won't work if the stream is empty
# before this property is set, so call `play()` after setting `stream`.
$VideoStreamPlayer.play()

备注

Godot doesn't support runtime loading of MP3 or WAV files yet. Until this is implemented, it's feasible to implement runtime WAV loading using a script since AudioStreamWAV's data property is exposed to scripting.

It's still possible to save WAV files using AudioStreamWAV.save_to_wav, which is useful for procedurally generated audio or microphone recordings.

3D 场景

Godot has first-class support for glTF 2.0, both in the editor and exported projects. Using GLTFDocument and GLTFState together, Godot can load and save glTF files in exported projects, in both text (.gltf) and binary (.glb) formats. The binary format should be preferred as it's faster to write and smaller, but the text format is easier to debug.

Example of loading a glTF scene and appending its root node to the scene:

# Load an existing glTF scene.
# GLTFState is used by GLTFDocument to store the loaded scene's state.
# GLTFDocument is the class that handles actually loading glTF data into a Godot node tree,
# which means it supports glTF features such as lights and cameras.
var gltf_document_load = GLTFDocument.new()
var gltf_state_load = GLTFState.new()
var error = gltf_document_load.append_from_file("/path/to/file.gltf", gltf_state_load)
if error == OK:
    var gltf_scene_root_node = gltf_document_load.generate_scene(gltf_state_load)
    add_child(gltf_scene_root_node)
else:
    show_error("Couldn't load glTF scene (error code: %s)." % error_string(error))

# Save a new glTF scene.
var gltf_document_save := GLTFDocument.new()
var gltf_state_save := GLTFState.new()
gltf_document_save.append_from_scene(gltf_scene_root_node, gltf_state_save)
# The file extension in the output `path` (`.gltf` or `.glb`) determines
# whether the output uses text or binary format.
# `GLTFDocument.generate_buffer()` is also available for saving to memory.
gltf_document_save.write_to_filesystem(gltf_state_save, path)

备注

When loading a glTF scene, a base path must be set so that external resources like textures can be loaded correctly. When loading from a file, the base path is automatically set to the folder containing the file. When loading from a buffer, this base path must be manually set as there is no way for Godot to infer this path.

To set the base path, set GLTFState.base_path on your GLTFState instance before calling GLTFDocument.append_from_buffer or GLTFDocument.append_from_file.

字体

FontFile.load_dynamic_font 支持以下字体文件格式：TTF、OTF、WOFF、WOFF2、PFB、PFM

On the other hand, FontFile.load_bitmap_font supports the BMFont format (.fnt or .font).

Additionally, it is possible to load any font that is installed on the system using Godot's support for 系统字体.

Example of loading a font file automatically according to its file extension, then adding it as a theme override to a Label node:

var path = "/path/to/font.ttf"
var path_lower = path.to_lower()
var font_file = FontFile.new()
if (
        path_lower.ends_with(".ttf")
        or path_lower.ends_with(".otf")
        or path_lower.ends_with(".woff")
        or path_lower.ends_with(".woff2")
        or path_lower.ends_with(".pfb")
        or path_lower.ends_with(".pfm")
):
    font_file.load_dynamic_font(path)
elif path_lower.ends_with(".fnt") or path_lower.ends_with(".font"):
    font_file.load_bitmap_font(path)
else:
    push_error("Invalid font file format.")

if not font_file.data.is_empty():
    # If font was loaded successfully, add it as a theme override.
    $Label.add_theme_font_override("font", font_file)

ZIP 压缩包

Godot supports reading and writing ZIP archives using the ZIPReader and ZIPPacker classes. This supports any ZIP file, including files generated by Godot's "Export PCK/ZIP" functionality (although these will contain imported Godot resources rather than the original project files).

备注

Use ProjectSettings.load_resource_pack to load PCK or ZIP files exported by Godot as additional data packs. That approach is preferred for DLCs, as it makes interacting with additional data packs seamless (virtual filesystem).

This ZIP archive support can be combined with runtime image, 3D scene and audio loading to provide a seamless modding experience without requiring users to go through the Godot editor to generate PCK/ZIP files.

Example that lists files in a ZIP archive in an ItemList node, then writes contents read from it to a new ZIP archive (essentially duplicating the archive):

# Load an existing ZIP archive.
var zip_reader = ZIPReader.new()
zip_reader.open(path)
var files = zip_reader.get_files()
# The list of files isn't sorted by default. Sort it for more consistent processing.
files.sort()
for file in files:
    $ItemList.add_item(file, null)
    # Make folders disabled in the list.
    $ItemList.set_item_disabled(-1, file.ends_with("/"))

# Save a new ZIP archive.
var zip_packer = ZIPPacker.new()
var error = zip_packer.open(path)
if error != OK:
    push_error("Couldn't open path for saving ZIP archive (error code: %s)." % error_string(error))
    return

# Reuse the above ZIPReader instance to read files from an existing ZIP archive.
for file in zip_reader.get_files():
    zip_packer.start_file(file)
    zip_packer.write_file(zip_reader.read_file(file))
    zip_packer.close_file()

zip_packer.close()