Ładowanie w tle

When switching the main scene of your game (e.g. going to a new level), you might want to show a loading screen with some indication that progress is being made. The main load method (ResourceLoader::load or just load from GDScript) blocks your thread, making your game appear frozen and unresponsive while the resource is being loaded. This document discusses the alternative of using the ResourceInteractiveLoader class for smoother load screens.

ResourceInteractiveLoader

The ResourceInteractiveLoader class allows you to load a resource in stages. Every time the method poll is called, a new stage is loaded, and control is returned to the caller. Each stage is generally a sub-resource that is loaded by the main resource. For example, if you're loading a scene that loads 10 images, each image will be one stage.

Użycie

Usage is generally as follows

Obtaining a ResourceInteractiveLoader

Ref<ResourceInteractiveLoader> ResourceLoader::load_interactive(String p_path);

This method will give you a ResourceInteractiveLoader that you will use to manage the load operation.

Polling

Error ResourceInteractiveLoader::poll();

Use this method to advance the progress of the load. Each call to poll will load the next stage of your resource. Keep in mind that each stage is one entire "atomic" resource, such as an image, or a mesh, so it will take several frames to load.

Zwraca OK gdy nie było błędów, ERR_FILE_EOF gdy wczytywanie jest zakończone. Każda inna wartość jest równoznaczna z błędem i wczytywanie zostanie zatrzymane.

Postęp ładowania (opcjonalny)

To query the progress of the load, use the following methods:

int ResourceInteractiveLoader::get_stage_count() const;
int ResourceInteractiveLoader::get_stage() const;

get_stage_count zwraca liczbę wszystkich scen do załadowania. get_stage zwraca aktualnie załadowaną scenę.

Wymuszenie ukończenia (opcjonalne)

Error ResourceInteractiveLoader::wait();

Użyj tej metody by załadować cały zasób w aktualnej klatce.

Uzyskiwanie zasobu

Ref<Resource> ResourceInteractiveLoader::get_resource();

Jeśli wszystko wykona się prawidłowo, użyj tej funkcji, aby pobrać załadowany zasób.

Przykład

This example demonstrates how to load a new scene. Consider it in the context of the Singletons (AutoLoad) example.

First, we set up some variables and initialize the current_scene with the main scene of the game:

var loader
var wait_frames
var time_max = 100 # msec
var current_scene


func _ready():
    var root = get_tree().get_root()
    current_scene = root.get_child(root.get_child_count() -1)

The function goto_scene is called from the game when the scene needs to be switched. It requests an interactive loader, and calls set_process(true) to start polling the loader in the _process callback. It also starts a "loading" animation, which could show a progress bar or loading screen.

func goto_scene(path): # Game requests to switch to this scene.
    loader = ResourceLoader.load_interactive(path)
    if loader == null: # Check for errors.
        show_error()
        return
    set_process(true)

    current_scene.queue_free() # Get rid of the old scene.

    # Start your "loading..." animation.
    get_node("animation").play("loading")

    wait_frames = 1

_process is where the loader is polled. poll is called, and then we deal with the return value from that call. OK means keep polling, ERR_FILE_EOF means loading is done, anything else means there was an error. Also note we skip one frame (via wait_frames, set on the goto_scene function) to allow the loading screen to show up.

Note how we use OS.get_ticks_msec to control how long we block the thread. Some stages might load fast, which means we might be able to cram more than one call to poll in one frame; some might take way more than your value for time_max, so keep in mind we won't have precise control over the timings.

func _process(time):
    if loader == null:
        # no need to process anymore
        set_process(false)
        return

    # Wait for frames to let the "loading" animation show up.
    if wait_frames > 0:
        wait_frames -= 1
        return

    var t = OS.get_ticks_msec()
    # Use "time_max" to control for how long we block this thread.
    while OS.get_ticks_msec() < t + time_max:
        # Poll your loader.
        var err = loader.poll()

        if err == ERR_FILE_EOF: # Finished loading.
            var resource = loader.get_resource()
            loader = null
            set_new_scene(resource)
            break
        elif err == OK:
            update_progress()
        else: # Error during loading.
            show_error()
            loader = null
            break

Some extra helper functions. update_progress updates a progress bar, or can also update a paused animation (the animation represents the entire load process from beginning to end). set_new_scene puts the newly loaded scene on the tree. Because it's a scene being loaded, instance() needs to be called on the resource obtained from the loader.

func update_progress():
    var progress = float(loader.get_stage()) / loader.get_stage_count()
    # Update your progress bar?
    get_node("progress").set_progress(progress)

    # ...or update a progress animation?
    var length = get_node("animation").get_current_animation_length()

    # Call this on a paused animation. Use "true" as the second argument to
    # force the animation to update.
    get_node("animation").seek(progress * length, true)


func set_new_scene(scene_resource):
    current_scene = scene_resource.instance()
    get_node("/root").add_child(current_scene)

Użyj wielowątkowości

ResourceInteractiveLoader może być używany w wielowątkowości. Kilka rzeczy które musisz mieć w uwadze:

Use a semaphore

While your thread waits for the main thread to request a new resource, use a Semaphore to sleep (instead of a busy loop or anything similar).

Not blocking main thread during the polling

If you have a mutex to allow calls from the main thread to your loader class, don't lock the main thread while you call poll on your loader class. When a resource is done loading, it might require some resources from the low-level APIs (VisualServer, etc), which might need to lock the main thread to acquire them. This might cause a deadlock if the main thread is waiting for your mutex while your thread is waiting to load a resource.

Przykładowa klasa

Możesz znaleźć przykład klasy do ładowania zasobów w wątkach tutaj: resource_queue.gd. Użyj ją jak poniżej:

func start()

Call after you instance the class to start the thread.

func queue_resource(path, p_in_front = false)

Queue a resource. Use optional argument "p_in_front" to put it in front of the queue.

func cancel_resource(path)

Remove a resource from the queue, discarding any loading done.

func is_ready(path)

Returns true if a resource is fully loaded and ready to be retrieved.

func get_progress(path)

Get the progress of a resource. Returns -1 if there was an error (for example if the resource is not in the queue), or a number between 0.0 and 1.0 with the progress of the load. Use mostly for cosmetic purposes (updating progress bars, etc), use is_ready to find out if a resource is actually ready.

func get_resource(path)

Returns the fully loaded resource, or null on error. If the resource is not fully loaded (is_ready returns false), it will block your thread and finish the load. If the resource is not on the queue, it will call ResourceLoader::load to load it normally and return it.

Na przykład:

# Initialize.
queue = preload("res://resource_queue.gd").new()
queue.start()

# Suppose your game starts with a 10 second cutscene, during which the user
# can't interact with the game.
# For that time, we know they won't use the pause menu, so we can queue it
# to load during the cutscene:
queue.queue_resource("res://pause_menu.tres")
start_cutscene()

# Later, when the user presses the pause button for the first time:
pause_menu = queue.get_resource("res://pause_menu.tres").instance()
pause_menu.show()

# When you need a new scene:
queue.queue_resource("res://level_1.tscn", true)
# Use "true" as the second argument to put it at the front of the queue,
# pausing the load of any other resource.

# To check progress.
if queue.is_ready("res://level_1.tscn"):
    show_new_level(queue.get_resource("res://level_1.tscn"))
else:
    update_progress(queue.get_progress("res://level_1.tscn"))

# When the user walks away from the trigger zone in your Metroidvania game:
queue.cancel_resource("res://zone_2.tscn")

Note: this code, in its current form, is not tested in real world scenarios. If you run into any issues, ask for help in one of Godot's community channels.