Utiliser plusieurs fils d'exécution
Tâches Parallèles
Les threads permettent l'exécution simultanée de code. Cela permet de décharger le travail du thread principal.
Godot supporte les threads et fournit de nombreuses fonctions pratiques pour les utiliser.
Note
Si vous utilisez d'autres langages (C#, C++), il peut être plus facile d'utiliser directement les classes de threads qu'ils supportent.
Avertissement
Avant d'utiliser une classe intégrée dans un thread, lisez d'abord Les API sûres pour plusieurs fils d'exécution pour vérifier si elle peut être utilisée en toute sécurité dans un thread.
Création d’un thread
To create a thread, use the following code:
var thread: Thread
# The thread will start here.
func _ready():
thread = Thread.new()
# You can bind multiple arguments to a function Callable.
thread.start(_thread_function.bind("Wafflecopter"))
# Run here and exit.
# The argument is the bound data passed from start().
func _thread_function(userdata):
# Print the userdata ("Wafflecopter")
print("I'm a thread! Userdata is: ", userdata)
# Thread must be disposed (or "joined"), for portability.
func _exit_tree():
thread.wait_to_finish()
#ifndef MULTITHREADING_DEMO_H
#define MULTITHREADING_DEMO_H
#include <godot_cpp/classes/node.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/classes/thread.hpp>
namespace godot {
class MultithreadingDemo : public Node {
GDCLASS(MultithreadingDemo, Node);
private:
Ref<Thread> worker;
protected:
static void _bind_methods();
void _notification(int p_what);
public:
MultithreadingDemo();
~MultithreadingDemo();
void demo_threaded_function();
};
} // namespace godot
#endif // MULTITHREADING_DEMO_H
#include "multithreading_demo.h"
#include <godot_cpp/classes/engine.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/classes/os.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/classes/time.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/core/class_db.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/variant/utility_functions.hpp>
using namespace godot;
void MultithreadingDemo::_bind_methods() {
ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("threaded_function"), &MultithreadingDemo::demo_threaded_function);
}
void MultithreadingDemo::_notification(int p_what) {
// Prevents this from running in the editor, only during game mode. In Godot 4.3+ use Runtime classes.
if (Engine::get_singleton()->is_editor_hint()) {
return;
}
switch (p_what) {
case NOTIFICATION_READY: {
worker.instantiate();
worker->start(callable_mp(this, &MultithreadingDemo::demo_threaded_function), Thread::PRIORITY_NORMAL);
} break;
case NOTIFICATION_EXIT_TREE: { // Thread must be disposed (or "joined"), for portability.
// Wait until it exits.
if (worker.is_valid()) {
worker->wait_to_finish();
}
worker.unref();
} break;
}
}
MultithreadingDemo::MultithreadingDemo() {
// Initialize any variables here.
}
MultithreadingDemo::~MultithreadingDemo() {
// Add your cleanup here.
}
void MultithreadingDemo::demo_threaded_function() {
UtilityFunctions::print("demo_threaded_function started!");
int i = 0;
uint64_t start = Time::get_singleton()->get_ticks_msec();
while (Time::get_singleton()->get_ticks_msec() - start < 5000) {
OS::get_singleton()->delay_msec(10);
i++;
}
UtilityFunctions::print("demo_threaded_function counted to: ", i, ".");
}
Votre fonction s'exécutera alors dans un thread séparé jusqu'à ce qu'elle retourne. Même si la fonction est déjà retournée, le thread doit la collecter, alors appelez Thread.wait_to_finish(), qui attendra que le thread soit terminé (si ce n'est pas encore fait), puis supprimez-le correctement.
Avertissement
Creating threads is a slow operation, especially on Windows. To avoid unnecessary performance overhead, make sure to create threads before heavy processing is needed instead of creating threads just-in-time.
For example, if you need multiple threads during gameplay, you can create threads while the level is loading and only actually start processing with them later on.
Additionally, locking and unlocking of mutexes can also be an expensive operation. Locking should be done carefully; avoid locking too often (or for too long).
Mutexes
Accéder à des objets ou des données depuis plusieurs threads n'est pas toujours supporté (si vous le faites, cela provoquera des comportements inattendus ou des plantages). Lisez Les API sûres pour plusieurs fils d'exécution pour comprendre quelles API du moteur supportent l'accès par plusieurs threads.
En règle générale, lorsque vous traitez vos propres données ou que vous appelez vos propres fonctions, essayez d'éviter d'accéder aux mêmes données directement depuis différents threads. Vous pouvez rencontrer des problèmes de synchronisation, car les données ne sont pas toujours mises à jour entre les cœurs du processeur lorsqu'elles sont modifiées. Utilisez toujours un Mutex lorsque vous accédez à une donnée depuis différents threads.
Lors de l'appel de Mutex.lock(), un thread assure que tous les autres threads seront bloqués (mis en état suspendu) s'ils tentent de verrouiller le même mutex. Lorsque le mutex est déverrouillé en appelant Mutex.unlock(), les autres threads seront autorisés à verrouiller le mutex (mais un seul à la fois).
Voici un exemple d'utilisation d'un Mutex :
var counter := 0
var mutex: Mutex
var thread: Thread
# The thread will start here.
func _ready():
mutex = Mutex.new()
thread = Thread.new()
thread.start(_thread_function)
# Increase value, protect it with Mutex.
mutex.lock()
counter += 1
mutex.unlock()
# Increment the value from the thread, too.
func _thread_function():
mutex.lock()
counter += 1
mutex.unlock()
# Thread must be disposed (or "joined"), for portability.
func _exit_tree():
thread.wait_to_finish()
print("Counter is: ", counter) # Should be 2.
#ifndef MUTEX_DEMO_H
#define MUTEX_DEMO_H
#include <godot_cpp/classes/mutex.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/classes/node.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/classes/thread.hpp>
namespace godot {
class MutexDemo : public Node {
GDCLASS(MutexDemo, Node);
private:
int counter = 0;
Ref<Mutex> mutex;
Ref<Thread> thread;
protected:
static void _bind_methods();
void _notification(int p_what);
public:
MutexDemo();
~MutexDemo();
void thread_function();
};
} // namespace godot
#endif // MUTEX_DEMO_H
#include "mutex_demo.h"
#include <godot_cpp/classes/engine.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/classes/time.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/core/class_db.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/variant/utility_functions.hpp>
using namespace godot;
void MutexDemo::_bind_methods() {
ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("thread_function"), &MutexDemo::thread_function);
}
void MutexDemo::_notification(int p_what) {
// Prevents this from running in the editor, only during game mode.
if (Engine::get_singleton()->is_editor_hint()) {
return;
}
switch (p_what) {
case NOTIFICATION_READY: {
UtilityFunctions::print("Mutex Demo Counter is starting at: ", counter);
mutex.instantiate();
thread.instantiate();
thread->start(callable_mp(this, &MutexDemo::thread_function), Thread::PRIORITY_NORMAL);
// Increase value, protect it with Mutex.
mutex->lock();
counter += 1;
UtilityFunctions::print("Mutex Demo Counter is ", counter, " after adding with Mutex protection.");
mutex->unlock();
} break;
case NOTIFICATION_EXIT_TREE: { // Thread must be disposed (or "joined"), for portability.
// Wait until it exits.
if (thread.is_valid()) {
thread->wait_to_finish();
}
thread.unref();
UtilityFunctions::print("Mutex Demo Counter is ", counter, " at EXIT_TREE."); // Should be 2.
} break;
}
}
MutexDemo::MutexDemo() {
// Initialize any variables here.
}
MutexDemo::~MutexDemo() {
// Add your cleanup here.
}
// Increment the value from the thread, too.
void MutexDemo::thread_function() {
mutex->lock();
counter += 1;
mutex->unlock();
}
Semaphores
Parfois, vous voulez que votre thread fonctionne "à la demande ". En d'autres termes, lui dire quand il doit travailler et le laissez suspendu quand il ne fait rien. Pour cela, on utilise des sémaphores. La fonction Semaphore.wait() est utilisée dans le thread pour le suspendre jusqu'à ce que des données arrivent.
Le thread principal, au contraire, utilise Semaphore.post() pour signaler que les données sont prêtes à être traitées :
var counter := 0
var mutex: Mutex
var semaphore: Semaphore
var thread: Thread
var exit_thread := false
# The thread will start here.
func _ready():
mutex = Mutex.new()
semaphore = Semaphore.new()
exit_thread = false
thread = Thread.new()
thread.start(_thread_function)
func _thread_function():
while true:
semaphore.wait() # Wait until posted.
mutex.lock()
var should_exit = exit_thread # Protect with Mutex.
mutex.unlock()
if should_exit:
break
mutex.lock()
counter += 1 # Increment counter, protect with Mutex.
mutex.unlock()
func increment_counter():
semaphore.post() # Make the thread process.
func get_counter():
mutex.lock()
# Copy counter, protect with Mutex.
var counter_value = counter
mutex.unlock()
return counter_value
# Thread must be disposed (or "joined"), for portability.
func _exit_tree():
# Set exit condition to true.
mutex.lock()
exit_thread = true # Protect with Mutex.
mutex.unlock()
# Unblock by posting.
semaphore.post()
# Wait until it exits.
thread.wait_to_finish()
# Print the counter.
print("Counter is: ", counter)
#ifndef SEMAPHORE_DEMO_H
#define SEMAPHORE_DEMO_H
#include <godot_cpp/classes/mutex.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/classes/node.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/classes/semaphore.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/classes/thread.hpp>
namespace godot {
class SemaphoreDemo : public Node {
GDCLASS(SemaphoreDemo, Node);
private:
int counter = 0;
Ref<Mutex> mutex;
Ref<Semaphore> semaphore;
Ref<Thread> thread;
bool exit_thread = false;
protected:
static void _bind_methods();
void _notification(int p_what);
public:
SemaphoreDemo();
~SemaphoreDemo();
void thread_function();
void increment_counter();
int get_counter();
};
} // namespace godot
#endif // SEMAPHORE_DEMO_H
#include "semaphore_demo.h"
#include <godot_cpp/classes/engine.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/classes/time.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/core/class_db.hpp>
#include <godot_cpp/variant/utility_functions.hpp>
using namespace godot;
void SemaphoreDemo::_bind_methods() {
ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("thread_function"), &SemaphoreDemo::thread_function);
}
void SemaphoreDemo::_notification(int p_what) {
// Prevents this from running in the editor, only during game mode.
if (Engine::get_singleton()->is_editor_hint()) {
return;
}
switch (p_what) {
case NOTIFICATION_READY: {
UtilityFunctions::print("Semaphore Demo Counter is starting at: ", counter);
mutex.instantiate();
semaphore.instantiate();
exit_thread = false;
thread.instantiate();
thread->start(callable_mp(this, &SemaphoreDemo::thread_function), Thread::PRIORITY_NORMAL);
increment_counter(); // Call increment counter to test.
} break;
case NOTIFICATION_EXIT_TREE: { // Thread must be disposed (or "joined"), for portability.
// Set exit condition to true.
mutex->lock();
exit_thread = true; // Protect with Mutex.
mutex->unlock();
// Unblock by posting.
semaphore->post();
// Wait until it exits.
if (thread.is_valid()) {
thread->wait_to_finish();
}
thread.unref();
// Print the counter.
UtilityFunctions::print("Semaphore Demo Counter is ", get_counter(), " at EXIT_TREE.");
} break;
}
}
SemaphoreDemo::SemaphoreDemo() {
// Initialize any variables here.
}
SemaphoreDemo::~SemaphoreDemo() {
// Add your cleanup here.
}
// Increment the value from the thread, too.
void SemaphoreDemo::thread_function() {
while (true) {
semaphore->wait(); // Wait until posted.
mutex->lock();
bool should_exit = exit_thread; // Protect with Mutex.
mutex->unlock();
if (should_exit) {
break;
}
mutex->lock();
counter += 1; // Increment counter, protect with Mutex.
mutex->unlock();
}
}
void SemaphoreDemo::increment_counter() {
semaphore->post(); // Make the thread process.
}
int SemaphoreDemo::get_counter() {
mutex->lock();
// Copy counter, protect with Mutex.
int counter_value = counter;
mutex->unlock();
return counter_value;
}