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環境とポストプロセッシング

Godot 4 provides a redesigned Environment resource, as well as a new post-processing system with many available effects right out of the box.

注釈

As of Godot 4, Environment performance/quality settings are defined in the project settings instead of in the Environment resource. This makes global adjustments easier, as you no longer have to tweak Environment resources individually to suit various hardware configurations.

Note that most Environment performance/quality settings are only visible after enabling the Advanced toggle in the Project Settings.

環境

The Environment resource stores all the information required for controlling the 2D and 3D rendering environment. This includes the sky, ambient lighting, tone mapping, effects, and adjustments. By itself, it does nothing, but you can enable it by using it in one of the following locations, in order of priority:

Camera3D node (high priority)

An Environment can be set to a Camera3D node. It will have priority over any other setting.

../../_images/environment_camera.webp

This is mostly useful when you want to override an existing environment, but in general it's a better idea to use the option below.

Preview environment and sun (low priority)

注釈

Since Godot 4, the preview environment and sun system replace the default_env.tres file that was used in Godot 3 projects.

If no WorldEnvironment node or DirectionalLight3D node is present in the current scene, the editor will display a preview environment and sun instead. This can be disabled using the buttons at the top of the 3D editor:

../../_images/environment_preview_sun_sky_toggle.webp

Clicking on the 3 vertical dots on the right will display a dialog which allows you to customize the appearance of the preview environment:

../../_images/environment_preview_sun_sky_dialog.webp

The preview sun and sky is only visible in the editor, not in the running project. Using the buttons at the bottom of the dialog, you can add the preview sun and sky into the scene as nodes.

ちなみに

If you hold Shift while clicking Add Sun to Scene or Add Environment to Scene in the preview environment editor, this will add both a preview sun and environment to the current scene (as if you clicked both buttons separately). Use this to speed up project setup and prototyping.

Camera attributes

注釈

In Godot 4, exposure and depth of field information was split from the Environment resource into a separate CameraAttributes resource. This allows adjusting those properties independently of other Environment settings more easily.

The CameraAttributes resource stores exposure and depth of field information. It also allows enabling automatic exposure adjustments depending on scene brightness.

There are two kinds of CameraAttribute resources available:

  • CameraAttributesPractical: Features are exposed using arbitrary units, which are easier to reason about for most game use cases.

  • CameraAttributesPhysical: Features are exposed using real world units, similar to a digital camera. For example, field of view is set using a focal length in millimeters instead of a value in degrees. Recommended when physical accuracy is important, such as for photorealistic rendering.

Both CameraAttribute resource types allow you to use the same features, but they are configured differently. If you don't know which one to choose, use CameraAttributesPractical.

注釈

Using a CameraAttributesPhysical on a Camera3D node will lock out FOV and aspect adjustments in that Camera3D, as field of view is adjusted in the CameraAttributesPhysical resource instead. If used in a WorldEnvironment, the CameraAttributesPhysical will not override any Camera3D in the scene.

A CameraAttributes resource can be added to a Camera3D or a WorldEnvironment node. When the current camera has a CameraAttributes set, it will override the one set in WorldEnvironment (if any).

In most situations, setting the CameraAttributes resource on the Camera3D node instead of the WorldEnvironment is recommended. Unlike WorldEnvironment, assigning the CameraAttributes resource to the Camera3D node prevents depth of field from displaying in the 3D editor viewport, unless the camera is being previewed.

Environment(環境)のオプション

The following is a detailed description of all environment options and how they are intended to be used.

背景

The Background section contains settings on how to fill the background (parts of the screen where objects were not drawn). The background not only serves the purpose of displaying an image or color. By default, it also affects how objects are affected by ambient and reflected light. This is called image-based lighting (IBL).

As a result, the background sky may greatly impact your scene's overall appearance, even if the sky is never directly visible on screen. This should be taken into account when tweaking lighting in your scene.

../../_images/environment_background1.webp

There are several background modes available:

  • Clear Color uses the default clear color defined in the project settings. The background will be a constant color.

  • Custom Color はクリアカラーに似ていますが、カスタムカラー値を持ちます。

  • Sky lets you define a background sky material (see below). By default, objects in the scene will reflect this sky material and absorb ambient light from it.

  • Canvas displays the 2D scene as a background to the 3D scene. This can be used to make environment effects visible on 2D rendering, such as glow in 2D.

  • Keep does not draw any sky, keeping what was present on previous frames instead. This improves performance in purely indoor scenes, but creates a "hall of mirrors" visual glitch if the sky is visible at any time.

Sky materials

When using the Sky background mode (or the ambient/reflected light mode is set to Sky), a Sky subresource becomes available to edit in the Environment resource. Editing this subresource allows you to create a SkyMaterial resource within the Sky.

There are 3 built-in sky materials to choose from:

  • PanoramaSkyMaterial: Use a 360 degree panorama sky image (2:1 aspect ratio recommended). To benefit from high dynamic range, the panorama image must be in an HDR-compatible format such as .hdr or .exr rather than a standard dynamic range format like .png or .jpg.

  • ProceduralSkyMaterial: Use a procedurally generated sky with adjustable ground, sun, sky and horizon colors. This is the type of sky used in the editor preview. The sun's position is automatically derived from the first 4 DirectionalLight3D nodes present in the scene. There can be up to 4 suns at a given time.

  • PhysicalSkyMaterial: Use a physically-based procedural sky with adjustable scattering parameters. The sun's position is automatically derived from the first DirectionalLight3D node present in the scene. PhysicalSkyMaterial is slightly more expensive to render compared to ProceduralSkyMaterial. There can be up to 1 sun at a given time.

Panorama sky images are sometimes called HDRIs (High Dynamic Range Images). You can find freely licensed HDRIs on Poly Haven.

注釈

HDR PanoramaSkyMaterial textures with very bright spots (such as real life photos with the sun visible) may result in visible sparkles on ambient and specular reflections. This is caused by the texture's peak exposure being too high.

To resolve this, select the panorama texture in the FileSystem dock, go to the Import dock, enable HDR Clamp Exposure then click Reimport.

If you need a custom sky material (e.g. for procedural clouds), you can create a custom sky shader.

環境光

Ambient light (as defined here) is a type of light that affects every piece of geometry with the same intensity. It is global and independent of lights that might be added to the scene. Ambient light is one of the two components of image-based lighting. Unlike reflected light, ambient light does not vary depending on the camera's position and viewing angle.

There are several types of ambient light to choose from:

  • Background: Source ambient light from the background, such as the sky, custom color or clear color (default). Ambient light intensity will vary depending on the sky image's contents, which can result in more visually appealing ambient lighting. A sky must be set as background for this mode to be visible.

  • Disabled: Do not use any ambient light. Useful for purely indoor scenes.

  • Color: Use a constant color for ambient light, ignoring the background sky. Ambient light intensity will be the same on all sides, which may result in the scene's lighting looking more flat. Useful for indoor scenes where pitch black shadows may be too dark, or to maximize performance on low-end devices.

  • Sky: Source ambient light from a specified sky, even if the background is set to a mode other than Sky. If the background mode is already Sky, this mode behaves identically to Background.

../../_images/environment_ambient.webp

When the ambient light mode is set to Sky or Background (and background is set to Sky), it's possible to blend between the ambient color and sky using the Sky Contribution property. This value is set to 1.0 by default, which means that only the ambient sky is used. The ambient color is ignored unless Sky Contribution is decreased below 1.0.

異なる環境光がシーンに与える影響の比較は次のとおりです:

../../_images/environment_ambient2.webp

Finally, there is an Energy setting which is a multiplier. It's useful when working with HDR.

In general, you should only rely on ambient light alone for simple scenes or large exteriors. You may also do so to boost performance. Ambient light is fast to render, but it doesn't provide the best lighting quality. It's better to generate ambient light from ReflectionProbe, VoxelGI or SDFGI, as these will simulate how indirect light propagates more accurately. Below is a comparison, in terms of quality, between using a flat ambient color and a VoxelGI:

../../_images/environment_ambient_comparison.webp

Using one of the methods described above will replace constant ambient lighting with ambient lighting from the probes.

Reflected light

Reflected light (also called specular light) is the other of the two components of image-based lighting.

Reflected light can be set to one of 3 modes:

  • Background: Reflect from the background, such as the sky, custom color or clear color (default).

  • Disabled: Do not reflect any light from the environment. Useful for purely indoor scenes, or to maximize performance on low-end devices.

  • Sky: Reflect from the background sky, even if the background is set to a mode other than Sky. If the background mode is already Sky, this mode behaves identically to Background.

フォグ

注釈

This section refers to non-volumetric fog only. It is possible to use both non-volumetric fog and Volumetric fog and fog volumes at the same time.

Fog, as in real life, makes distant objects fade away into a uniform color. There are two kinds of fog in Godot:

  • Depth Fog: これはカメラからの距離に基づいて適用されます。

  • Height Fog: これは、カメラからの距離に関係なく、特定の高さの下(または上)のオブジェクトに適用されます。

../../_images/environment_fog_depth_height.webp

これらの霧のタイプは両方とも、カーブを微調整して、トランジションを多少シャープにすることができます。

霧の効果をさらに面白くするために、2つのプロパティを調整できます:

1つ目は Sun Amount で、霧のSun Colorプロパティを使用します。指向性ライト(通常は太陽)を見ると、フォグの色が変わり、フォグを通過する日光をシミュレートします。

2つ目は Transmit Enabled で、より現実的な光透過率をシミュレートします。実際には、霧の中で光をより際立たせます。

../../_images/environment_fog_transmission.webp

Volumetric Fog

Volumetric fog provides a realistic fog effect to the scene, with fog color being affected by the lights that traverse the fog.

参考

See Volumetric fog and fog volumes for documentation on setting up volumetric fog.

トーンマップ

Tonemap selects the tonemapping curve that will be applied to the scene, from a list of standard curves used in the film and game industries. Tonemapping operators other than Linear are used to make light and dark areas more homogeneous, while also avoiding clipping of bright highlights.

The tone mapping options are:

  • Mode: The tone mapping mode to use.

    • Linear: The default tonemapping mode. This is the fastest and simplest tonemapping operator, but it causes bright lighting to look blown out, with noticeable clipping in the output colors.

    • Reinhardt: Performs a variation on rendered pixels' colors by this formula: color = color / (1 + color). This avoids clipping bright highlights, but the resulting image can look a bit dull.

    • Filmic: This avoids clipping bright highlights, with a resulting image that usually looks more vivid than Reinhardt.

    • ACES: Academy Color Encoding System tonemapper. ACES is slightly more expensive than other options, but it handles bright lighting in a more realistic fashion by desaturating it as it becomes brighter. ACES typically has a more contrasted output compared to Reinhardt and Filmic. ACES is the recommended option when aiming for photorealistic visuals. This tonemapping mode was called "ACES Fitted" in Godot 3.x.

  • Exposure: Tone mapping exposure which simulates amount of light received over time (default: 1.0). Higher values result in an overall brighter appearance. If the scene appears too dark as a result of a tonemapping operator or whitepoint change, try increasing this value slightly.

  • White: Tone mapping whitepoint, which simulates where in the scale white is located (default: 1.0). For photorealistic lighting, recommended values are between 6.0 and 8.0. Higher values result in less blown out highlights, but make the scene appear slightly darker as a whole.

中間およびポストプロセッシングエフェクト

The Environment resource supports many popular mid- and post-processing effects.

注釈

Screen-space effects such as SSR, SSAO, SSIL and glow do not operate on geometry that is located outside the camera view or is occluded by other opaque geometry. Consider this when tweaking their settings to avoid distracting changes during gameplay.

スクリーンスペース反射(Ss Reflections/SSR)

This feature is only available when using the Forward+ backend, not Mobile or Compatibility.

While Godot supports several sources of reflection data such as 反射プローブ(Reflection Probe), they may not provide enough detail for all situations. Scenarios where screen-space reflections make the most sense are when objects are in contact with each other (object over floor, over a table, floating on water, etc).

../../_images/environment_ssr.webp

On top of providing more detail, screen-space reflections also work in real-time (while other types of reflections are usually precomputed). This can be used to make characters, cars, etc. reflect on surrounding surfaces when moving around.

Screen-space reflections can be used at the same time as other reflection sources to benefit from detailed reflections when possible, while having a fallback when screen-space reflections cannot be used (for example, to reflect off-screen objects).

いくつかのユーザー制御パラメーターを使用して、この手法を微調整できます:

  • Max Steps: Determines the length of the reflection. The bigger this number, the more costly it is to compute.

  • Fade In: Allows adjusting the fade-in curve, which is useful to make the contact area softer.

  • Fade Out: Allows adjusting the fade-out curve, so the step limit fades out softly.

  • Depth Tolerance: Can be used to allow screen-space rays to pass behind objects. The rays will treat each object as if it has this depth in determining if it can pass behind the object. Higher values will make screen-space reflections exhibit fewer "breakups", at the cost of some objects creating physically incorrect reflections.

Keep in mind that screen-space-reflections only work for reflecting opaque geometry. Transparent materials won't be reflected, as they don't write to the depth buffer. This also applies to shaders that use hint_screen_texture or hint_depth_texture uniforms.

スクリーンスペース・アンビエントオクルージョン(Ssao/SSAO)

This feature is only available when using the Forward+ backend, not Mobile or Compatibility.

As mentioned in the Ambient section, areas where light from light nodes does not reach (either because it's outside the radius or shadowed) are lit with ambient light. Godot can simulate this using VoxelGI, ReflectionProbe, the Sky, or a constant ambient color. The problem, however, is that all the methods proposed previously act more on a larger scale (large regions) than at the smaller geometry level.

一定の環境色とSkyはどの場所でも同じですが、それに比べてGIおよびReflectionプローブはより局所的な詳細度を持つとはいえ、光が中空または凹面の形状を照らすことができない状況をシミュレートするには不十分です。

これは、スクリーンスペースアンビエントオクルージョンでシミュレートできます。下の画像でわかるように、その目的は、光が入る狭い経路をシミュレートして、凹面領域がより暗くなるようにすることです:

../../_images/environment_ssao.webp

It is a common mistake to enable this effect, turn on a light, and not be able to appreciate it. This is because SSAO only acts on ambient light. It does not affect direct light.

This is why, in the image above, the effect is less noticeable under the direct light (on the left). If you want to force SSAO to work with direct light too, use the Light Affect parameter. Even though this is not physically correct, some artists like how it looks.

SSAO looks best when combined with a real source of indirect light, like VoxelGI:

../../_images/environment_ssao2.webp

Tweaking SSAO is possible with several parameters:

../../_images/environment_ssao_parameters.webp
  • Radius: The distance at which objects can occlude each other when calculating screen-space ambient occlusion. Higher values will result in occlusion over a greater distance at the cost of performance and quality.

  • Intensity: The primary screen-space ambient occlusion intensity. Acts as a multiplier for the screen-space ambient occlusion effect. A higher value results in darker occlusion. Since SSAO is a screen-space effect, it's recommended to remain conservative with this value. SSAO that is too strong can be distracting during gameplay.

  • Power: The distribution of occlusion. A higher value results in darker occlusion, similar to Intensity, but with a sharper falloff.

  • Detail: Sets the strength of the additional level of detail for the screen-space ambient occlusion effect. A high value makes the detail pass more prominent, but it may contribute to aliasing in your final image.

  • Horizon: The threshold for considering whether a given point on a surface is occluded or not represented as an angle from the horizon mapped into the 0.0-1.0 range. A value of 1.0 results in no occlusion.

  • Sharpness: The amount that the screen-space ambient occlusion effect is allowed to blur over the edges of objects. Setting too high will result in aliasing around the edges of objects. Setting too low will make object edges appear blurry.

  • Light Affect: The screen-space ambient occlusion intensity in direct light. In real life, ambient occlusion only applies to indirect light, which means its effects can't be seen in direct light. Values higher than 0 will make the SSAO effect visible in direct light. Values above 0.0 are not physically accurate, but some artists prefer this effect.

Screen-Space Indirect Lighting (SSIL)

This feature is only available when using the Forward+ backend, not Mobile or Compatibility.

SSIL provides indirect lighting for small details or dynamic geometry that other global illumination techniques cannot cover. This applies to bounced diffuse lighting, but also emissive materials. When SSIL is enabled on its own, the effect may not be that noticeable, which is intended.

Instead, SSIL is meant to be used as a complement to other global illumination techniques such as VoxelGI, SDFGI and LightmapGI. SSIL also provides a subtle ambient occlusion effect, similar to SSAO but with less detail.

This feature only provides indirect lighting. It is not a full global illumination solution. This makes it different from screen-space global illumination (SSGI) offered by other 3D engines. SSIL can be combined with SSR and/or SSAO for greater visual quality (at the cost of performance).

Tweaking SSIL is possible with several parameters:

  • Radius: The distance that bounced lighting can travel when using the screen space indirect lighting effect. A larger value will result in light bouncing further in a scene, but may result in under-sampling artifacts which look like long spikes surrounding light sources.

  • Intensity: The brightness multiplier for the screen-space indirect lighting effect. A higher value will result in brighter light.

  • Sharpness: The amount that the screen-space indirect lighting effect is allowed to blur over the edges of objects. Setting too high will result in aliasing around the edges of objects. Setting too low will make object edges appear blurry.

  • Normal Rejection: Amount of normal rejection used when calculating screen-space indirect lighting. Normal rejection uses the normal of a given sample point to reject samples that are facing away from the current pixel. Normal rejection is necessary to avoid light leaking when only one side of an object is illuminated. However, normal rejection can be disabled if light leaking is desirable, such as when the scene mostly contains emissive objects that emit light from faces that cannot be seen from the camera.

../../_images/environment_ssil.webp

Signed Distance Field Global Illumination (SDFGI)

This feature is only available when using the Forward+ backend, not Mobile or Compatibility.

Signed distance field global illumination (SDFGI) is a form of real-time global illumination. It is not a screen-space effect, which means it can provide global illumination for off-screen elements (unlike SSIL).

参考

See Signed distance field global illumination (SDFGI) for instructions on setting up this global illumination technique.

../../_images/environment_sdfgi.webp

Glow(にじみ/発光)

This feature is only available when using the Forward+ and Mobile backends, not Compatibility.

In photography and film, when light amount exceeds the maximum luminance (brightness) supported by the media, it generally bleeds outwards to darker regions of the image. This is simulated in Godot with the Glow effect.

../../_images/environment_glow1.webp

デフォルトでは、エフェクトが有効になっていても、効果が弱いか見えません。実際に表示するには、次の2つの条件のいずれかが必要です:

    1. ピクセル内の光が HDR Threshold を超えている(0はすべてのライトを超え、1.0はトーンマッパー White の値を超えています)。通常、この値は1.0であると予想されますが、より多くの光を放出できるように下げることができます。また、HDR Scale という追加のパラメーターがあり、しきい値を超える光のスケーリング(明るくまたは暗くする)を可能にします。

../../_images/environment_glow_threshold.webp
    1. The Bloom property has a value greater than 0.0. As it increases, it sends the whole screen to the glow processor at higher amounts.

../../_images/environment_glow_bloom.webp

両方とも、明るい部分から光がにじみ出始めます。

Glowが表示されたら、いくつかの追加パラメーターで制御できます:

  • Intensity is an overall scale for the effect, it can be made stronger or weaker (0.0 removes it).

  • Strength is how strong the gaussian filter kernel is processed. Greater values make the filter saturate and expand outwards. In general, changing this is not needed, as the size can be adjusted more efficiently with the Levels.

エフェクトの Blend Mode も変更できます:

  • Additive is the strongest one, as it only adds the glow effect over the image with no blending involved. In general, it's too strong to be used, but can look good with low-intensity Bloom (produces a dream-like effect).

  • Screen ensures glow never brightens more than itself and it works great as an all around.

  • Softlight is the default and weakest one, producing only a subtle color disturbance around the objects. This mode works best on dark scenes.

  • Replace can be used to blur the whole screen or debug the effect. It only shows the glow effect without the image below.

  • Mix mixes the glow effect with the main image. This can be used for greater artistic control. The mix factor is controlled by the Mix property which appears above the blend mode (only when the blend mode is set to Mix). High mix factor values will appear to darken the image unless Bloom is increased.

グローエフェクトのサイズと形状を変更するために、Godotは Levels を提供します。小さなレベルはオブジェクトの周りに現れる強い輝きであり、大きいレベルは画面全体を覆うかすんだ輝きです。

../../_images/environment_glow_layers.webp

ただし、このシステムの本当の長所は、複数のレベルを組み合わせてより興味深いグローパターンを作成することです:

../../_images/environment_glow_layers2.webp

Finally, the glow effect can be controlled using a glow map, which is a texture that determines how bright glow should be on each part of the screen. This texture can optionally be colored to tint the glow effect to the glow map's color. The texture is stretched to fit the viewport, so using an aspect ratio that matches your viewport's most common aspect ratio (such as 16:9) is recommended to avoid visible distortion.

There are 2 main use cases for a glow map texture:

  • Create a "lens dirt" effect using a dirt pattern texture.

  • Make glow less strong on specific parts of the screen by using a gradient texture.

../../_images/environment_glow_map.webp

Using glow in 2D

There are 2 ways to use glow in 2D:

  • Since Godot 4.2, you can enable HDR for 2D rendering when using the Forward+ and Mobile rendering methods. This has a performance cost, but it allows for a greater dynamic range. This also allows you to control which objects glow using their individual Modulate or Self Modulate properties (use the RAW mode in the color picker). Enabling HDR can also reduce banding in the 2D rendering output.

    • To enable HDR in 2D, open the Project Settings, enable Rendering > Viewport > HDR 2D then restart the editor.

  • If you want to maximize performance, you can leave HDR disabled for 2D rendering. However, you will have less control on which objects glow.

    • Enable glow, set the environment background mode to Canvas then decrease Glow HDR Threshold so that pixels that are not overbright will still glow. To prevent UI elements from glowing, make them children of a CanvasLayer node. You can control which layers are affected by glow using the Background > Canvas Max Layer property of the Environment resource.

Example of using glow in a 2D scene

Example of using glow in a 2D scene. HDR 2D is enabled, while coins and the bullet have their Modulate property increased to overbright values using the RAW mode in the color picker.

警告

The 2D renderer renders in linear color space if the Rendering > Viewport > HDR 2D project setting is enabled, so source_color must also be used for uniform samplers that are used as color input in canvas_item shaders. If this is not done, the texture will appear washed out.

If 2D HDR is disabled, source_color will keep working correctly in canvas_item shaders, so it's recommend to use it when relevant either way.

Using glow to blur the screen

Glow can be used to blur the whole viewport, which is useful for background blur when a menu is open. Only 3D rendering will be affected unless the environment's background mode is set to Canvas. To prevent UI elements from being blurred when using the Canvas background mode, make them children of a CanvasLayer node. You can control which layers are affected by this blurring effect using the Background > Canvas Max Layer property of the Environment resource.

To use glow as a blurring solution:

  • Enable Normalized and adjust levels according to preference. Increasing higher level indices will result in a more blurred image. It's recommended to leave a single glow level at 1.0 and leave all other glow levels at 0.0, but this is not required. Note that the final appearance will vary depending on viewport resolution.

  • Set Intensity to 1.0 and Bloom to 1.0.

  • Set the blend mode to Replace and HDR Luminance Cap to 1.0.

Example of using glow to blur the 2D rendering in the menu's background

Example of using glow to blur the 2D rendering in the menu's background

Adjustments(調整)

処理の最後に、Godotはいくつかの標準的な画像調整を行う可能性を提供します。

../../_images/environment_adjustments.webp

Basic BCS adjustments

The first adjustment is being able to change the typical Brightness, Contrast, and Saturation properties:

../../_images/environment_adjustments_bcs.webp

Color correction using a 1D gradient

The second adjustment is by supplying a color correction gradient. This can be done by assigning a GradientTexture1D resource to the Color Correction property, or by loading a texture containing a horizontal gradient. The leftmost part of the gradient represents black in the source image, whereas the rightmost part of the gradient represents white in the source image.

A linear black-to-white gradient like the following one will produce no effect:

../../_images/environment_adjustments_default_gradient.webp

しかし、カスタムのものを作成すると、各チャンネルを異なる色にマップすることができます:

../../_images/environment_adjustments_custom_gradient.webp

Color correction using a 3D LUT

A 3D look-up-texture (LUT) can also be used for color correction. This is a special texture used to modify each color channel separately from one another (red, green, blue). This image can be of any resolution, but since color correction is low-frequency data, sticking to low resolutions is recommended for performance reasons. A LUT texture's resolution is typically 17×17×17, 33×33×33, 51×51×51 or 65×65×65 (the odd size allows for better interpolation).

For this to work, the look-up texture's import mode must be set to Texture3D in the Import dock (instead of being imported as a regular Texture2D):

../../_images/environment_adjustments_3d_lut_import.webp

Make sure to configure the number of horizontal and vertical slices to import as well. If you don't do this, the LUT texture will not affect the viewport correctly when used. You can preview how the 3D texture was imported by double-clicking it, in the FileSystem dock, then going to the inspector to flip through the texture's layers.

You can use this neutral 33×33×33 LUT template as a base (right-click and choose Save as…):

../../_images/environment_adjustments_3d_lut_template.webp

With the above LUT template, after changing its import mode to Texture3D, set its number of Horizontal slices to 33 in the Import dock then click Reimport. If you load this LUT into the Color Correction property, you won't see any visible difference for now since this texture is designed to be a neutral starting point.

This LUT template can be modified in an image editor to provide a different mood to the image. A common workflow is to place the LUT image next to a screenshot of the project's 3D viewport, then use an image editor to modify both the LUT image and the screenshot at the same time. The LUT can then be saved and applied to the game engine to perform the same color correction in real-time.

For example, modifying the LUT template in an image editor to give it a "sepia" look results in the image on the right:

../../_images/environment_adjustments_3d_lut_comparison.webp

注釈

Adjustments and color correction are applied after tonemapping. This means the tonemapping properties defined above still have an effect when adjustments are enabled.

Camera attribute options

被写界深度(DOF)/遠方ぼかし(Far Blur)

This effect simulates focal distance on cameras. It blurs objects behind a given range. It has an initial Distance with a Transition region (in world units):

../../_images/environment_dof_far.webp

The Amount parameter controls the amount of blur. For larger blurs, tweaking the depth of field quality in the advanced project settings may be needed to avoid artifacts.

被写界深度(DOF)/近方ぼかし(Near Blur)

This effect simulates focal distance on cameras. It blurs objects close to the camera (acts in the opposite direction as far blur). It has an initial Distance with a Transition region (in world units):

../../_images/environment_dof_near.webp

Amount パラメーターは、ぼかしの量を制御します。大きなぼかしの場合、アーティファクトを回避するために Quality の調整が必要になる場合があります。

It is common to use both blurs together to focus the viewer's attention on a given object, or create a so-called "tilt shift" effect.

../../_images/environment_mixed_blur.webp

注釈

When using CameraAttributesPhysical instead of CameraAttributesPractical, depth of field is automatically computed from the camera attributes' focus distance, focal length, and aperture.

Exposure

This multiplies the overall scene brightness visible from the camera. Higher values result in a visually brighter scene.

Auto Exposure

This feature is only available when using the Forward+ backend, not Mobile or Compatibility.

Even though, in most cases, lighting and texturing are heavily artist controlled, Godot supports a basic high dynamic range implementation with the auto exposure mechanism. This is generally used to add realism when combining interior areas with low light and bright outdoor areas. Auto exposure simulates the camera (or eye) in an effort to adapt between light and dark locations and their different amounts of light.

注釈

Auto exposure needs to evaluate the scene's brightness every frame, which has a moderate performance cost. Therefore, it's recommended to leave Auto Exposure disabled if it doesn't make much of a difference in your scene.

../../_images/environment_hdr_autoexp.webp

自動露出を使用する最も簡単な方法は、屋外の照明(または他の強い照明)のエネルギーが1.0を超えるようにすることです。これは、(ライト自体の) Energy 乗数を微調整することによって行われます。通常、一貫性を持たせるために、Sky も指向性ライトと一致させるためにエネルギー乗数を使用する必要があります。一般的に、屋内と屋外の状態をシミュレートするには、3.0〜6.0の値で十分です。

By combining Auto Exposure with Glow(にじみ/発光) post-processing, pixels that go over the tonemap White will bleed to the glow buffer, creating the typical bloom effect in photography.

../../_images/environment_hdr_bloom.webp

Auto Exposureセクションのユーザーが制御可能な値には、適切なデフォルトがありますが、微調整ができます:

../../_images/environment_hdr.webp
  • Scale: Value to scale the lighting. Higher values produce brighter images, and lower values produce darker ones.

  • Min Sensitivity / Min Exposure Value: Minimum luminance that auto exposure will aim to adjust for (in ISO when using CameraAttributesPractical, or in EV100 when using CameraAttributesPhysical). Luminance is the average of the light in all the pixels of the screen.

  • Max Sensitivity / Max Exposure Value: Maximum luminance that auto exposure will aim to adjust for (in ISO when using CameraAttributesPractical, or in EV100 when using CameraAttributesPhysical).

  • Speed: Speed at which luminance corrects itself. The higher the value, the faster luminance correction happens. High values may be more suited to fast-paced games, but can be distracting in some scenarios.

When using CameraAttributesPractical, exposure is set using sensitivity defined in ISO instead of an exposure value in EV100. Typical ISO values are between 50 and 3200, with higher values resulting in higher final exposure. In real life, daytime photography generally uses ISO values between 100 and 800.

参考

See Physical light and camera units if you wish to use real world units to configure your camera's exposure, field of view and depth of field.