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쉐이더 소개

This page explains what shaders are and will give you an overview of how they work in Godot. For a detailed reference of the engine's shading language, see Shading language.

셰이더란 Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)에서 작동되는 특별한 종류의 프로그램입니다. 초기에 쉐이더는 3D씬의 그림자를 만들기위해 만들어졌으나 요새는 더 많은 기술을 사용합니다. 당신은 쉐이더를 통해 엔진에서 어떻게 지오메트리와 픽셀을 그릴지 조절할수있습니다.

고도와 같은 최신 게임엔진들은 셰이더를 통해 무엇이든 그릴수있습니다: 그래픽카드는 수천개의 명령어를 동시에 처리할수있기때문에 렌더링 속도가 빠릅니다.

Because of their parallel nature, though, shaders don't process information the way a typical program does. Shader code runs on each vertex or pixel in isolation. You cannot store data between frames either. As a result, when working with shaders, you need to code and think differently from other programming languages.

GDScript에서 주어진 텍스쳐의 모든 픽셀을 주어진 색깔로 바꾼다고 가정합시다. 이때는 코드에 for 구문을 사용해야 합니다:

for x in range(width):
  for y in range(height):
    set_color(x, y, some_color)

Your code is already part of a loop in a shader, so the corresponding code would look like this.

void fragment() {
  COLOR = some_color;
}

참고

The graphics card calls the fragment() function once or more for each pixel it has to draw. More on that below.

Shaders in Godot

Godot provides a shading language based on the popular OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) but simplified. The engine handles some of the lower-level initialization work for you, making it easier to write complex shaders.

In Godot, shaders are made up of main functions called "processor functions". Processor functions are the entry point for your shader into the program. There are seven different processor functions.

  1. The vertex() function runs over all the vertices in the mesh and sets their positions and some other per-vertex variables. Used in canvas_item shaders and spatial shaders.

  2. The fragment() function runs for every pixel covered by the mesh. It uses values output by the vertex() function, interpolated between the vertices. Used in canvas_item shaders and spatial shaders.

  3. The light() function runs for every pixel and for every light. It takes variables from the fragment() function and from its previous runs. Used in canvas_item shaders and spatial shaders.

  4. The start() function runs for every particle in a particle system once when the particle is first spawned. Used in particles shaders.

  5. The process() function runs for every particle in a particle system for each frame. Used in particles shaders.

  6. The sky() function runs for every pixel in the radiance cubemap when the radiance cubemap needs to be updated, and for every pixel on the current screen. Used in sky shaders.

  7. The fog() function runs for every froxel in the volumetric fog froxel buffer that intersects with the FogVolume. Used by fog shaders.

경고

The light() function won't run if the vertex_lighting render mode is enabled, or if Rendering > Quality > Shading > Force Vertex Shading is enabled in the Project Settings. It's enabled by default on mobile platforms.

참고

Godot also exposes an API for users to write totally custom GLSL shaders. For more information see Using compute shaders.

Shader types

Instead of supplying a general-purpose configuration for all uses (2D, 3D, particles, sky, fog), you must specify the type of shader you're writing. Different types support different render modes, built-in variables, and processing functions.

In Godot, all shaders need to specify their type in the first line, like so:

shader_type spatial;

Here are the available types:

Render modes

Shaders have optional render modes you can specify on the second line, after the shader type, like so:

shader_type spatial;
render_mode unshaded, cull_disabled;

Render modes alter the way Godot applies the shader. For example, the unshaded mode makes the engine skip the built-in light processor function.

Each shader type has different render modes. See the reference for each shader type for a complete list of render modes.

Vertex processor

The vertex() processing function is called once for every vertex in spatial and canvas_item shaders. For particles shaders, it is called once for every particle.

Each vertex in your world's geometry has properties like a position and color. The function modifies those values and passes them to the fragment function. You can also use it to send extra data to the fragment function using varyings.

By default, Godot transforms your vertex information for you, which is necessary to project geometry onto the screen. You can use render modes to transform the data yourself; see the Spatial shader doc for an example.

Fragment processor

The fragment() processing function is used to set up the Godot material parameters per pixel. This code runs on every visible pixel the object or primitive draws. It is only available in spatial, canvas_item, and sky shaders.

The standard use of the fragment function is to set up material properties used to calculate lighting. For example, you would set values for ROUGHNESS, RIM, or TRANSMISSION, which would tell the light function how the lights respond to that fragment. This makes it possible to control a complex shading pipeline without the user having to write much code. If you don't need this built-in functionality, you can ignore it and write your own light processing function, and Godot will optimize it away. For example, if you do not write a value to RIM, Godot will not calculate rim lighting. During compilation, Godot checks to see if RIM is used; if not, it cuts all the corresponding code out. Therefore, you will not waste calculations on the effects that you do not use.

Light processor

The light() processor runs per pixel too, and it runs once for every light that affects the object. It does not run if no lights affect the object. It exists as a function called inside the fragment() processor and typically operates on the material properties setup inside the fragment() function.

The light() processor works differently in 2D than it does in 3D; for a description of how it works in each, see their documentation, CanvasItem shaders and Spatial shaders, respectively.