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GDScript exported properties

En Godot, los miembros de clase se pueden exportar. Esto significa que su valor se guardará junto con el recurso (p. ej. scene) al que están anexados. Estos también estarán disponibles para su edición en el editor de propiedades. La exportación se hace usando la anotación @export.

@export var number: int = 5

In that example the value 5 will be saved and visible in the property editor.

An exported variable must be initialized to a constant expression or have a type specifier in the variable. Some of the export annotations have a specific type and don't need the variable to be typed (see the Examples section below).

Uno de los beneficios fundamentales de exportar (exponer) variables miembro es poder verlas y modificarlas en el editor. De este modo los artistas y los diseñadores de juegos pueden modificar estos valores, que luego influenciarán en cómo el programa se ejecuta. Para ésto, se proporciona una sintaxis especial.

Nota

Exporting properties can also be done in other languages such as C#. The syntax varies depending on the language. See C# exported properties for information on C# exports.

Basic use

If the exported value assigns a constant or constant expression, the type will be inferred and used in the editor.

@export var number = 5

If there's no default value, you can add a type to the variable.

@export var number: int

Resources and nodes can be exported.

@export var resource: Resource
@export var node: Node

Grouping exports

It is possible to group your exported properties inside the Inspector with the @export_group annotation. Every exported property after this annotation will be added to the group. Start a new group or use @export_group("") to break out.

@export_group("My Properties")
@export var number = 3

The second argument of the annotation can be used to only group properties with the specified prefix.

Groups cannot be nested, use @export_subgroup to create subgroups within a group.

@export_subgroup("Extra Properties")
@export var string = ""
@export var flag = false

You can also change the name of your main category, or create additional categories in the property list with the @export_category annotation.

@export_category("Main Category")
@export var number = 3
@export var string = ""

@export_category("Extra Category")
@export var flag = false

Nota

The list of properties is organized based on the class inheritance and new categories break that expectation. Use them carefully, especially when creating projects for public use.

Strings as paths

String as a path to a file. See @export_file.

@export_file var f

String as a path to a directory. See @export_dir.

@export_dir var f

String as a path to a file, custom filter provided as hint. See again @export_file.

@export_file("*.txt") var f

Using paths in the global filesystem is also possible, but only in scripts in tool mode.

String as a path to a PNG file in the global filesystem. See @export_global_file.

@export_global_file("*.png") var tool_image

String as a path to a directory in the global filesystem. See @export_global_dir.

@export_global_dir var tool_dir

The multiline annotation tells the editor to show a large input field for editing over multiple lines. See @export_multiline.

@export_multiline var text

Limiting editor input ranges

See @export_range for all of the following.

Allow integer values from 0 to 20.

@export_range(0, 20) var i

Allow integer values from -10 to 20.

@export_range(-10, 20) var j

Allow floats from -10 to 20 and snap the value to multiples of 0.2.

@export_range(-10, 20, 0.2) var k: float

The limits can be made to affect only the slider if you add the hints "or_less" and/or "or_greater". If either these hints are used, it will be possible for the user to enter any value or drag the value with the mouse when not using the slider, even if outside the specified range.

@export_range(0, 100, 1, "or_less", "or_greater") var l: int

The "exp" hint can be used to make a value have an exponential slider instead of a linear slider. This means that when dragging the slider towards the right, changes will become progressively faster when dragging the mouse. This is useful to make editing values that can be either very small or very large easier, at the cost of being less intuitive.

@export_range(0, 100000, 0.01, "exp") var exponential: float

For values that are meant to represent an easing factor, use Floats with easing hint instead.

The "hide_slider" hint can be used to hide the horizontal bar that appears below float properties, or the up/down arrows that appear besides int properties:

@export_range(0, 1000, 0.01, "hide_slider") var no_slider: float

Adding suffixes and handling degrees/radians

A suffix can also be defined to make the value more self-explanatory in the inspector. For example, to define a value that is meant to be configured as "meters" (m) by the user:

@export_range(0, 100, 1, "suffix:m") var m: int

For angles that are stored in radians but displayed as degrees to the user, use the "radians_as_degrees" hint:

@export_range(0, 360, 0.1, "radians_as_degrees") var angle: float

This performs automatic conversion when the value is displayed or modified in the inspector and also displays a degree (°) suffix. This approach is used by Godot's own rotation properties throughout the editor.

If the angle is stored in degrees instead, use the "degrees" hint to display the degree symbol while disabling the automatic degrees-to-radians conversion when the value is modified from the inspector.

Floats with easing hint

Display a visual representation of the ease() function when editing. See @export_exp_easing.

@export_exp_easing var transition_speed

Colors

Regular color given as red-green-blue-alpha value.

@export var col: Color

Color given as red-green-blue value (alpha will always be 1). See @export_color_no_alpha.

@export_color_no_alpha var col: Color

Nodos

Since Godot 4.0, nodes can be directly exported as properties in a script without having to use NodePaths:

# Allows any node.
@export var node: Node

# Allows any node that inherits from BaseButton.
# Custom classes declared with `class_name` can also be used.
@export var some_button: BaseButton

Exporting NodePaths like in Godot 3.x is still possible, in case you need it:

@export var node_path: NodePath
var node = get_node(node_path)

If you want to limit the types of nodes for NodePaths, you can use the @export_node_path annotation:

@export_node_path("Button", "TouchScreenButton") var some_button

Recursos

@export var resource: Resource

In the Inspector, you can then drag and drop a resource file from the FileSystem dock into the variable slot.

Opening the inspector dropdown may result in an extremely long list of possible classes to create, however. Therefore, if you specify an extension of Resource such as:

@export var resource: AnimationNode

The drop-down menu will be limited to AnimationNode and all its derived classes.

Nótese que incluso si el script no se ejecuta junto en el editor, las propiedades exportadas siguen siendo editables. Esto se puede utilizar en conjunto con un script en modo "tool".

Exportando "bit flags"

See @export_flags.

Integers used as bit flags can store multiple true/false (boolean) values in one property. By using the @export_flags annotation, they can be set from the editor:

# Set any of the given flags from the editor.
@export_flags("Fire", "Water", "Earth", "Wind") var spell_elements = 0

Debes proveer una cadena de descripción por cada bandera .En este ejemplo, Fire tiene valor 1, Water tiene valor 2, Earth tiene valor 4 y Wind corresponde al valor 8. Usualmente, las constantes deberían de definirse acorde a esto (p. ej. const ELEMENT_WIND = 8`` y así con el resto).

You can add explicit values using a colon:

@export_flags("Self:4", "Allies:8", "Foes:16") var spell_targets = 0

Only power of 2 values are valid as bit flags options. The lowest allowed value is 1, as 0 means that nothing is selected. You can also add options that are a combination of other flags:

@export_flags("Self:4", "Allies:8", "Self and Allies:12", "Foes:16")
var spell_targets = 0

Export annotations are also provided for the physics, render, and navigation layers defined in the project settings:

@export_flags_2d_physics var layers_2d_physics
@export_flags_2d_render var layers_2d_render
@export_flags_2d_navigation var layers_2d_navigation
@export_flags_3d_physics var layers_3d_physics
@export_flags_3d_render var layers_3d_render
@export_flags_3d_navigation var layers_3d_navigation

Usar banderas requiere ciertos conocimientos de las operaciones bit a bit. En caso de duda, se pueden exportar variables booleanas en su lugar.

Exporting enums

See @export_enum.

Properties can be exported with a type hint referencing an enum to limit their values to the values of the enumeration. The editor will create a widget in the Inspector, enumerating the following as "Thing 1", "Thing 2", "Another Thing". The value will be stored as an integer.

enum NamedEnum {THING_1, THING_2, ANOTHER_THING = -1}
@export var x: NamedEnum

Integer and string properties can also be limited to a specific list of values using the @export_enum annotation. The editor will create a widget in the Inspector, enumerating the following as Warrior, Magician, Thief. The value will be stored as an integer, corresponding to the index of the selected option (i.e. 0, 1, or 2).

@export_enum("Warrior", "Magician", "Thief") var character_class: int

You can add explicit values using a colon:

@export_enum("Slow:30", "Average:60", "Very Fast:200") var character_speed: int

If the type is String, the value will be stored as a string.

@export_enum("Rebecca", "Mary", "Leah") var character_name: String

If you want to set an initial value, you must specify it explicitly:

@export_enum("Rebecca", "Mary", "Leah") var character_name: String = "Rebecca"

Exportando arrays

Los arrays exportados pueden tener inicializadores, pero deben ser expresiones constantes.

Si el array exportado especifica un tipo que hereda de Resource, se podrán asignar valores al array arrastrando y soltando múltiples archivos a la vez desde el panel de Sistema de Archivos.

The default value must be a constant expression.

@export var a = [1, 2, 3]

Exported arrays can specify type (using the same hints as before).

@export var ints: Array[int] = [1, 2, 3]

# Nested typed arrays such as `Array[Array[float]]` are not supported yet.
@export var two_dimensional: Array[Array] = [[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]]

You can omit the default value, but it would then be null if not assigned.

@export var b: Array
@export var scenes: Array[PackedScene]

Arrays with specified types which inherit from resource can be set by drag-and-dropping multiple files from the FileSystem dock.

@export var textures: Array[Texture] = []
@export var scenes: Array[PackedScene] = []

Packed type arrays also work, but only initialized empty:

@export var vector3s = PackedVector3Array()
@export var strings = PackedStringArray()

Other export variants can also be used when exporting arrays:

@export_range(-360, 360, 0.001, "degrees") var laser_angles: Array[float] = []
@export_file("*.json") var skill_trees: Array[String] = []
@export_color_no_alpha var hair_colors = PackedColorArray()
@export_enum("Espresso", "Mocha", "Latte", "Capuccino") var barista_suggestions: Array[String] = []

`@export_storage`

See @export_storage.

By default, exporting a property has two effects:

makes the property stored in the scene/resource file (PROPERTY_USAGE_STORAGE);
adds a field to the Inspector (PROPERTY_USAGE_EDITOR).

However, sometimes you may want to make a property serializable, but not display it in the editor to prevent unintentional changes and cluttering the interface.

To do this you can use @export_storage. This can be useful for @tool scripts. Also the property value is copied when Resource.duplicate() or Node.duplicate() is called, unlike non-exported variables.

var a # Not stored in the file, not displayed in the editor.
@export_storage var b # Stored in the file, not displayed in the editor.
@export var c: int # Stored in the file, displayed in the editor.

`@export_custom`

If you need more control than what's exposed with the built-in @export annotations, you can use @export_custom instead. This allows defining any property hint, hint string and usage flags, with a syntax similar to the one used by the editor for built-in nodes.

For example, this exposes the altitude property with no range limits but a m (meter) suffix defined:

@export_custom(PROPERTY_HINT_NONE, "altitude:m") var altitude: Vector3

The above is normally not feasible with the standard @export_range syntax, since it requires defining a range.

See the class reference for a list of parameters and their allowed values.

Advertencia

When using @export_custom, GDScript does not perform any validation on the syntax. Invalid syntax may have unexpected behavior in the inspector.

`@export_tool_button`

If you need to create a clickable inspector button, you can use @export_tool_button. This exports a Callable property as a clickable button. When the button is pressed, the callable is called.

Export a button with label "Hello" and icon "Callable". When you press it, it will print "Hello world!".

@tool
extends Node

@export_tool_button("Hello", "Callable") var hello_action = hello

func hello():
    print("Hello world!")

Configurando variables exportadas desde un script en modo tool

When changing an exported variable's value from a script in Modo Tool, the value in the inspector won't be updated automatically. To update it, call notify_property_list_changed() after setting the exported variable's value.

Exportación avanzada

No se proveen todos los tipos del lenguaje para export para evitar complejidad innecesaria. Lo siguiente describe las características de export más comunes que pueden implementarse con una API de bajo nivel.

Before reading further, you should get familiar with the way properties are handled and how they can be customized with _set(), _get(), and _get_property_list() methods as described in Acceso a datos o lógica desde un objeto.

Ver también

Para vincular propiedades usando los métodos mostrados anteriormente en C++, ver La vinculación de propiedades utilizando _set/_get/_get_property_list.