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Esportazione di pacchetti, patch e mod

Casi d'uso

Spesso si desidera aggiungere funzionalità al proprio gioco dopo averlo distribuito.

Esempi di questo includono...

Contenuti scaricabili: la possibilità di aggiungere funzionalità e contenuti al proprio gioco.
Patch: la possibilità di correggere un bug presente in un prodotto già distribuito.
Mod: permettono ad altre persone di creare contenuti per il proprio gioco.

Questi strumenti aiutano gli sviluppatori a estendere il loro sviluppo oltre il rilascio iniziale.

Panoramica dei file PCK/ZIP

Godot enables this via a feature called resource packs (PCK files, with the .pck extension, or ZIP files).

Vantaggi:

aggiornamenti/patch incrementali
offre DLC
offre supporto alle mod
nessuna divulgazione del codice sorgente necessaria per le mod
struttura del progetto più modulare
gli utenti non devono sostituire l'intero gioco

La prima fase del loro utilizzo prevede l'esportazione e la distribuzione del progetto ai giocatori. Successivamente, quando si desidera aggiungere funzionalità o contenuti più tardi, basta distribuire gli aggiornamenti agli utenti tramite file PCK/ZIP.

PCK/ZIP files usually contain, but are not limited to:

script
scene
shader
modelli
texture
effetti sonori
musica
qualsiasi altra risorsa adatta da importare nel gioco

I file PCK/ZIP possono anche essere un progetto Godot completamente diverso, che il gioco originale carica in fase di esecuzione.

È possibile caricare i file PCK e ZIP come pacchetti aggiuntivi allo stesso tempo, Consultare Formati di file di pacchetto PCK control ZIP per un confronto tra i due formati.

Vedi anche

Se si desidera caricare file singoli in fase di esecuzione (non compressi in un PCK o ZIP da Godot), considera l'utilizzo di Caricamento e salvataggio dei file in fase di esecuzione. Questo è utile per caricare contenuti generati dagli utenti che non sono stati creati con Godot, senza obbligare gli utenti a impacchettare le proprie mod in un formato di file specifico.

Lo svantaggio di questo approccio è che risulta meno trasparente per la logica di gioco, in quanto non beneficia della stessa gestione delle risorse dei file PCK/ZIP.

Security concerns

It is important to note that loading PCK files for patches, mods, or extra content like expansions, will require you to code a system to automatically load files based on their location, and possibly name. This is a security vulnerability in three scenarios. One, a user downloads a mod with malicious code. Two, a malicious program already exists on an end user's PC and has replaced the PCK file with a malicious copy. Three, you are distributing patch PCK files through a game launcher and the system has become compromised.

Take this into consideration when determining how to use PCK files in a project. For situations where you have a patching system via a launcher, consider using asymmetric cryptography. You could store the public key in the main PCK, and sign patch or expansion PCK files with the private key. See the Crypto class for more information.

Copyright concerns

If you want to use PCK files to distribute extra paid content, such as expansions, keep in mind that Godot provides no out-of-the-box way to prevent someone from copying the PCK file, and putting it on another person's computer. Any kind of DRM system is your responsibility to implement if that's what you want.

Generare file PCK

In order to pack all resources of a project into a PCK file, open the project and go to Project > Export, select an export preset, and click on Export PCK/ZIP.

Another method would be to export from the command line with --export-pack. The output file must with a .pck or .zip file extension. The export process will build that type of file for the chosen platform.

Patch PCK files

Generating Patch PCK files

To create a PCK file that only contains resources not present in the original release of a project, you would create a patch PCK file. This could be used for patches, mods, or expansions. For this to work you'll first need to have a PCK file for your project at the point of its initial release.

To generate a patch PCK file, within the export menu, and with your desired preset selected, click on the Patching tab. At the bottom is the Base Packs section. Click on the Add Pack button, then navigate to the PCK file you exported that contains everything in your project for its initial release.

Now, when you go to export a PCK file of your project again, if you have the Export as Patch button selected, only resources that have changed will be exported in the PCK file.

You can also add any patches you export to your base packs for future use. For example, adding patch.pck will ensure that patch2.pck will not include any resources from that first patch.

Delta encoding

Patch PCK files can be made smaller through the use of delta encoding. This makes it so that only the parts of a file that have been changed are updated. This does have a drawback of longer load times for the resources that are updated, and each patch for a resource cumulatively increases its load time.

There are two settings for delta encoding in addition to the filters:

Delta Encoding Compression Level: Controls how much compression is applied to the files. We do not recommend any more than the default of 19. Beyond that more memory is needed for export and import for significantly fewer gains. Any positive values will have the same decompression speed, however export will take longer the higher the number is. Negative values enable fast mode, which means larger files, but the decompression speed is higher.
Delta Encoding Minimum Size Reduction: Controls how much size has to be saved at minimum for compression to be used on an individual file. For example, at a level of 10%, if the file size can only be reduced by 5%, then the file won't use delta encoding.

The default compression level, 19, is the highest recommended level.

For the smallest patch size possible we recommend turning off compression for any resources you want to patch. Even if your base PCK files were compressed that shouldn't cause an issue.

There are several places compression can be disabled for different resources:

Import settings related to compression on individually imported resources, such as translation or 3D model files
Compress Binary Resources in the editor settings
GDScript Export Mode in the Scripts tab of an export preset

Nota

After disabling Compress Binary Resources you must delete the contents of your projects .godot/imported/ folder, then closing and open the project again to re-generate it.

It's important to note that when you export a delta encoded patch on top of previous patches, the packs you list under Base Packs in the Patching tab must be the exact same files that are loaded by the game at runtime, in the exact order they are loaded in. Re-exporting previous versions may end up being slightly different, due to non-determinism in Godot's export process, which can cause the patching to fail. This only applies to delta encoded patches, regular ones don't have this issue.

Opening PCK or ZIP files at runtime

To load a PCK or ZIP file, one uses the ProjectSettings singleton. The following example expects a mod.pck file in the directory of the game's executable. The PCK or ZIP file contains a mod_scene.tscn test scene in its root.

func _your_function():
    # This could fail if, for example, mod.pck cannot be found.
    var success = ProjectSettings.load_resource_pack(OS.get_executable_path().get_base_dir().path_join("mod.pck"))

    if success:
        # Now one can use the assets as if they had them in the project from the start.
        var imported_scene = load("res://mod_scene.tscn")

private void YourFunction()
{
    // This could fail if, for example, mod.pck cannot be found.
    var success = ProjectSettings.LoadResourcePack(OS.GetExecutablePath().GetBaseDir().PathJoin("mod.pck"));

    if (success)
    {
        // Now one can use the assets as if they had them in the project from the start.
        var importedScene = (PackedScene)ResourceLoader.Load("res://mod_scene.tscn");
    }
}

Avvertimento

By default, if you import a file with the same file path/name as one you already have in your project, the imported one will replace it. This is something to watch out for when creating DLC or mods. You can solve this problem by using a tool that isolates mods to a specific mods subfolder.

However, it is also a way of creating patches for one's own game. A PCK/ZIP file of this kind can fix the content of a previously loaded PCK/ZIP (therefore, the order in which packs are loaded matters).

To opt out of this behavior, pass false as the second argument to ProjectSettings.load_resource_pack().

Nota

For a C# project, you need to build the DLL and place it in the project directory first. Then, before loading the resource pack, you need to load its DLL as follows: Assembly.LoadFile("mod.dll")

Risoluzione dei problemi

If you are loading a resource pack and are not noticing any changes, it may be due to the pack being loaded too late. This is particularly the case with menu scenes that may preload other scenes using preload(). This means that loading a pack in the menu will not affect the other scene that was already preloaded.

To avoid this, you need to load the pack as early as possible. To do so, create a new autoload script and call ProjectSettings.load_resource_pack() in the autoload script's _init() function, rather than _enter_tree() or _ready().

Modding considerations

If one wishes to support mods for their game, they will need their users to create similarly exported files. Assuming the original game expects a certain structure for the PCK's resources, and/or a certain interface for its scripts, then one of two things has to be done.

The developer must document these expected structures/
interfaces, expect modders to install Godot Engine, and then also expect those modders to conform to the documentation's defined API when building mod content for the game (so that it will work). Users would then use Godot's built in exporting tools to create a PCK file, as detailed above.
The developer uses Godot to build a GUI tool for adding their exact API
content to a project. This Godot tool must either run on a tools-enabled build of the engine or have access to one (distributed alongside or perhaps in the original game's files). The tool can then use the Godot executable to export a PCK file from the command line with OS.execute(). The game itself shouldn't use a tool-build of the engine (for security), so it's best to keep the modding tool and game separate.