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Что такое GDExtension?

Введение

GDExtension is a Godot-specific technology that lets the engine interact with native shared libraries at runtime. You can use it to run native code without compiling it with the engine.

Примечание

GDExtension не является скриптовым языком и не имеет никакого отношения к GDScript.

Differences between GDExtension and C++ modules

You can use both GDExtension and C++ modules to run C or C++ code in a Godot project.

Они также позволяют интегрировать в Godot библиотеки сторонних разработчиков. Выбор того или иного варианта зависит от ваших потребностей.

Предупреждение

GDExtension is currently experimental, which means that we may break compatibility in order to fix major bugs or include critical features.

Advantages of GDExtension

Unlike modules, GDExtension doesn't require compiling the engine's source code, making it easier to distribute your work. It gives you access to most of the API available to GDScript and C#, allowing you to code game logic with full control regarding performance. It's ideal if you need high-performance code you'd like to distribute as an add-on in the asset library.

А также:

• GDExtension is not limited to C and C++. Thanks to third-party bindings, you can use it with many other languages.

• You can use the same compiled GDExtension library in the editor and exported project. With C++ modules, you have to recompile all the export templates you plan to use if you require its functionality at runtime.

• GDExtension only requires you to compile your library, not the whole engine. That's unlike C++ modules, which are statically compiled into the engine. Every time you change a module, you need to recompile the engine. Even with incremental builds, this process is slower than using GDExtension.

Преимущества модулей C++

We recommend C++ modules in cases where GDExtension isn't enough:

• C++ modules provide deeper integration into the engine. GDExtension's access is not as deep as static modules.

• You can use C++ modules to provide additional features in a project without carrying native library files around. This extends to exported projects.

Примечание

If you notice that specific systems are not accessible via GDExtension but are via custom modules, feel free to open an issue on the godot-cpp repository to discuss implementation options for exposing the missing functionality.

Поддерживаемые языки

The Godot developers officially support the following language bindings for GDExtension:

• C++ (tutorial)

Примечание

There are no plans to support additional languages with GDExtension officially. That said, the community offers several bindings for other languages (see below).

Приведенные ниже привязки разработаны и поддерживаются сообществом:

• D

• Go

• Nim

• Rust

• Swift

Примечание

Не все упомянутые здесь привязки могут быть готовыми для использования в продакшене. Прежде чем начинать проект с одним из них, тщательно изучите возможные варианты. Также проверьте, совместима ли привязка с версией Godot, которую вы используете.

Совместимость версий

Usually, GDExtensions targeting an earlier version of Godot will work in later minor versions, but not vice-versa. For example, a GDExtension targeting Godot 4.2 should work just fine in Godot 4.3, but one targeting Godot 4.3 won't work in Godot 4.2.

For this reason, when creating GDExtensions, you may want to target the lowest version of Godot that has the features you need, not the most recent version of Godot. This can save you from needing to create multiple builds for different versions of Godot.

However, GDExtension is currently experimental, which means that we may break compatibility in order to fix major bugs or include critical features. For example, GDExtensions created for Godot 4.0 aren't compatible with Godot 4.1 (see Обновление ваших GDExtension на 4.1).

GDExtensions are also only compatible with engine builds that use the same level of floating-point precision the extension was compiled for. This means that if you use an engine build with double-precision floats, the extension must also be compiled for double-precision floats and use an extension_api.json file generated by your custom engine build. See Large world coordinates for details.

Generally speaking, if you build a custom version of Godot, you should generate an extension_api.json from it for your GDExtensions, because it may have some differences from official Godot builds.